Analysis of the Preparedness of the Village Government and Community in Facing Drought Disasters in Sumberharjo Village, Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency

This research aimed to determine whether the role of village government and community preparedness had a significant influence partially and simultaneously on community preparedness in facing drought disasters in Sumberharjo Village, Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency. This research was conducted in Sumberharjo Village, Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency from August to October 2023. The population consisted of 1308 households in Sumberharjo Village. For the government role variable, all village officials were included, and the sample in this research was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 92 samples. The data collection technique used was incidental. The data analysis technique used in this research was quantitative descriptive with data collected in the form of questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results of the data analysis

Water scarcity is a serious issue that can threaten the sustainability of life and livelihoods in many villages worldwide.It is also a significant concern in many rural areas, including in Indonesia.The background of water scarcity in villages can be diverse, but some common factors causing water scarcity in villages may include insufficient rainfall.One of the main factors leading to water scarcity in villages is the lack of sufficient rainfall.Some villages may be located in areas experiencing long dry seasons, with low rainfall for several months, causing natural water sources such as rivers, lakes, or wells to dry up.Another factor is climate change.Global climate change can affect rainfall patterns and lead to extreme variations in precipitation.This can increase the risk of water scarcity in villages, especially if the village is already vulnerable to weather fluctuations.Furthermore, another cause is unsustainable water usage.Unsustainable agricultural practices, including inefficient irrigation, can exacerbate water scarcity in villages.Excessive and unwise usage of groundwater sources can also lead to a decline in groundwater levels, reducing the availability of water for the village.
Water scarcity in villages is a complex issue and can have serious impacts on the lives of residents, agriculture, and the village economy.Solutions to address water scarcity in villages involve various approaches, including water conservation, wise water resource management, and efforts to mitigate climate change.
Regular changes in seasons with dry and rainy seasons play a crucial role in various aspects of life, including agriculture, water supply, ecosystems, and human life in general.However, if the dry season is too prolonged or the rainy season is too short, it can lead to several serious problems.
There are some negative impacts if the dry season persists, such as water scarcity.Prolonged dry seasons can lead to severe water scarcity.Water sources such as rivers, lakes, and wells can dry up, resulting in difficulties in accessing clean water for consumption, agriculture, and industrial needs.Besides, there is also food crisis.Extended droughts can hinder agriculture, reduce crop productivity, and disrupt the planting and harvesting cycle.This can lead to food shortages and food crises.It also causes ecosystem damage.Prolonged dry seasons can damage ecosystems, such as forests and wetlands, and threaten the sustainability of wildlife.This can disrupt food chains and biodiversity.Besides, droughts can reduce the availability of clean water for human and animal consumption.This can lead to an increased risk of waterrelated diseases and a clean water crisis.In some cases, insufficient water can disrupt energy supplies, especially in terms of hydroelectric energy.This can affect electricity supply and industries that rely on hydro energy.Prolonged dry seasons can result in significant economic losses, either through the loss of agricultural livelihoods, increased energy costs, or infrastructure damage.
The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bojonegoro regency has begun monitoring drought-prone areas.This identification is carried out as the dry season has begun.Drought disasters during the long dry season, as a result of the El Niño phenomenon in Bojonegoro regency, are increasingly widespread.This drought impact has affected as many as 34 villages spread across 12 districts (BMKG Bojonegoro, 2023).
The head of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bojonegoro regency, Ardhian Orianto, stated that as of September 11, 2023, there were 34 villages experiencing drought in Bojonegoro during this dry season.Throughout the dry season, they have distributed clean water to dozens of villages experiencing drought.As of now, a total of 2.4 million liters of water have been distributed to the residents of "Migas City" (another name for Bojonegoro) who require clean water.
Meanwhile, based on the prediction from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), the peak of the 2023 dry season is expected to occur from July to August.According to the latest prediction, the beginning of the rainy season will occur in November.The role of the government in building village resilience in preparing for drought must be proactive.The community should have plans and preparations to reduce the risks from this drought disaster.The purpose of this research is to determine whether the role of the village government and community preparedness has a significant partial and simultaneous influence on community preparedness in facing drought disasters in Sumberharjo Village, Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research was conducted in Sumberharjo Village, Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency from August to October 2023.The population consisted of 1308 households in Sumberharjo village.For the government role variable, all village officials were included, and the sample in this research was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 92 samples.The data collection technique used was the Incidental Technique, where respondents who met the criteria for this research coincidentally met with the researcher (Sugiyono: 2020).The data analysis technique used in this research was quantitative descriptive, with data collected in the form of questionnaires, observations, and documentation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sumberharjo Village is located geographically at coordinates -7.234704South Latitude and 112.048325East Longitude.Sumberharjo Village is one of the villages located in Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province.Sumberharjo Village is situated in the southeasternmost part of Sumberrejo Sub District, bordered directly to the east by the area of Kepohbaru Sub District and to the south by the area of Kedungadem Sub District (Interview, Head of Sumberharjo Village, 2023) The climate of Sumberharjo village ranges from rainfall of 1,843.00mm/year, the number of rainy months is 6 months, humidity is 74.6%, the average daily temperature is 32°C, with an altitude above sea level of 37 meters.The distance to the district is 30 km with a travel time of 1 hour, and the distance to the sub-district is 15 km with a travel time of 30 minutes.The total area of Sumberharjo village is approximately 572 hectares.Dry land consists of farmland totaling 438.00 hectares, settlements 9800 hectares, and yards 9.50 hectares.The total area of dry land is 456.50 hectares.Public facility land in the village includes bent land 37.00 hectares, fields 1.00 hectares, government office 0.50 hectares, cemetery 2.50 hectares, educational institutions 2.50 hectares, roads 70.00 hectares, reservoirs 2.00 hectares.The total area of village facility land is 115.50 hectares.
The drought in Sumberharjo Village starts from early June until now, in this village, they rely only on water catchments due to the difficulty of spring sources.All hamlets in Sumberharjo village are affected by water scarcity, and the most severe drought occurs in the Medoro hamlet.Ngembes village still has a fairly sufficient spring source to meet water needs during the dry season.(Interview, Head of Planning Affairs of Sumberharjo Village, 2023).

The Preparedness Level of Sumberharjo Village in Facing Disasters Related to the Role Provided by the Village Government
The analysis of the preparedness level of Sumberharjo Village in facing disasters indicates that the village has readiness in terms of "Disaster Resilient Village".This was evidenced by the research conducted by the researcher using questionnaires or surveys in Likert Scale and calculations with SPSS version 25.
Based on the research findings, in Sumberharjo Village, disaster resilience with the role of the village government towards its community in disaster mitigation efforts, as indicated by the questionnaire responses, includes: 1 Based on the interview regarding the drought that occurred during the year 2023 with the Head of Planning Affairs of Sumberharjo Village, Purwati, stated that one of the progress made by the village government of Sumberharjo is the provision of clean water to hamlets affected by water scarcity.This has been done repeatedly, around 20 times or more, and distributed as the supply of clean water for the community diminishes.All efforts have been made by the village government to assist the residents of Sumberharjo Village in meeting their need for clean water during this dry season.

The Preparedness Level of Sumberharjo Village in Facing Drought Disasters Regarding the Role of the Community
Preparedness and the challenges faced by Sumberharjo Village in coping with drought disasters conducted by the community can be classified into three aspects: short-term, medium-term, and longterm.The short-term issues included the emergence of a shortage of clean water for household needs, concerns about the heat during the day which can affect the health of the community, especially children, the emergence of disease outbreaks due to prolonged drought, such as diarrhea, pneumonia, skin diseases, chickenpox, and measles, and decrease in the nutritional quality of toddlers in drought-affected areas.Then, the solutions for short-term issues were meeting the community's need for clean water by providing assistance with clean water.The village government provides periodic assistance with clean water during the dry season.Besides, assisting by providing basic food assistance to impoverished communities whose livelihoods have been affected, also assisting in combating contagious diseases due to drought by providing education and improving the nutrition of toddlers in drought-affected areas.
In the context of the medium term, the problems arising from natural disasters included insufficient water sources to supply clean water to the community during the dry season, and infrastructure to support the provision of clean water to the community is still less optimal.Then, the alternative mitigation measures to address medium-term issues included increase the availability of water sources by providing assistance in constructing wells, boreholes, deep wells, rainwater harvesting systems (RHS), water terminals in drought-affected areas, and reservoirs.Besides, research activities to identify potential water sources were also conducted.
In the context of long-term issues perceived by the residents of Sumberharjo Village included decreasing water discharge from the water sources, degraded environmental quality around the water sources, degraded forest areas due to deforestation, and expansion of critical land areas.Then, alternative measures to address long-term issues included reforestation of the areas around the water sources, reforestation of green belt areas around reservoirs, land rehabilitation and crisis land reconstruction, construction of infiltration well demonstration plots in drought-affected areas, and construction of mini water supply systems.
Based on the interview regarding the drought that occurred during the year 2023 with the Head of Planning Affairs of Sumberharjo Village, Purwati, stated that the village government has made efforts to find water sources, but the results have been nil.The government not only relies on its own efforts but also collaborates with district officials to help find water sources in Sumberharjo Village, but once again, no water sources were found.The issue of water drought cannot be left unaddressed as it can pose a threat to health if not addressed promptly.

Validation Test Results
Validity testing was conducted to ensure that the instrument used to measure variables was appropriate.In the context of preparedness, validity testing could be performed to assess the relevance and relatedness of the information used.The determination of the validity level was measured using the R-value with a comparison to the R-table value, where the R-table value for n = 95 was 0.202.The decision rule for the R-value was if R was greater than the R-table value, it indicated a valid test.If it showed otherwise, it meant the data was not valid.
Below were the Results of Validity Testing for the Variable "Preparedness of the Village Government" (X1).Based on the table above, it could be seen that the calculated Cronbach's alpha value met the criteria, which was more than 0.60.Therefore, it could be concluded that the data in this research was reliable.

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 771 4 Source: Primary data processed in 2023 Based on the table above, it could be seen that the calculated Cronbach's alpha value met the criteria, which was more than 0.60.Therefore, it could be concluded that the data in this research was reliable.

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 289 4 Source: Primary data processed in 2023 Based on the table above, it could be seen that the calculated Cronbach's alpha value met the criteria, which was more than 0.60.Therefore, it could be concluded that the data in this research was reliable.

Classic Assumption Test
Classic assumption tests were conducted to verify whether the data used in statistical analysis met the required assumptions.These assumptions were important so that the results of the statistical analysis could be interpreted correctly and validly.a. Normality Test Normality test was conducted to assess whether the dependent and independent variables had a close-to-normal distribution or not with a significance level of 0.05.The data was considered normal if the significance value was greater than 0.05, and if it was below 0.05, it was considered non-normal.The table above indicated that the significance values for the readiness of the village government were greater than the reference significance value of 0.05 (0.501 > 0.05).Similarly, the readiness of the community had a significance value greater than the reference value of 0.05 (0.382 > 0.05).Therefore, it could be concluded that variables X1 and X2 did not exhibit heteroskedasticity, meaning the data for the research variables were suitable.independent variables together.In the context of government and community preparedness, this regression test was performed to determine how far the variables explained the variation in preparedness for coping with drought disasters in Sumberharjo village.Generally, the observed data Y was influenced by several independent variables X1, X2, X3, ..., Xn.

Multiple Linear Regression
The formula for multiple linear regression was as follows: Variable α = Constant value β1 = Beta 1 value β2 = Beta 2 value e = and so on Based on the table above, it could be seen that the constant value was 1.973, while the value of the village government readiness variable (X1) was 0.476, and the value of the community readiness variable (X2) was 0.398.Therefore, the equation for the multiple linear regression value could be described as follows: 1) The coefficient of village government readiness (X1) was 0.476, which meant that for every 1% increase in the village government readiness variable (X1), the readiness to handle drought disasters increased by 0.476 or 47.6%.Similarly, if there was a 1% decrease in the village government readiness variable (X1), the readiness to handle drought disasters decreased by 0.476 or 47.6%.
2) The coefficient of community readiness (X2) was 0.398, which meant that for every 1% increase in the community readiness variable (X2), the readiness to handle drought disasters increased by 0.398 or 39.8%.Similarly, if there was a 1% decrease in the community readiness variable (X2), the readiness to handle drought disasters decreased by 0.398 or 39.8%.
3) The explanation above could be concluded that the variables of village government readiness (X1) and community readiness (X2) in this research influenced the mitigation of drought disasters in Sumberharjo village (Y).Decision on the T-test was as follows:

Hypothesis Testing
1. Consideration based on the significance value: if the significance value was smaller than the probability significance value of 0.05, then the hypothesis was accepted, or there was an influence of the independent variable (X) on the dependent variable (Y). 2. Consideration based on the significance value: if the significance value was greater than the probability significance value of 0.05, then the hypothesis was rejected, or there was no influence of the independent variable (X) on the dependent variable (Y).
Based on the calculations above, it was shown that the variable X1 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.Therefore, it could be concluded that variable X1 influenced variable Y. Thus, it could be concluded that the hypothesis regarding the readiness of the village government (X1) was accepted, while the null hypothesis was rejected.
Similarly, the variable X2 also had a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.Therefore, it could be said that variable X2 had an influence on variable Y. Thus, it could be concluded that the hypothesis regarding community preparedness (X2) was accepted, while the null hypothesis was rejected.

b. F -test
The simultaneous or F test was conducted to observe the combined impact of independent variables on the dependent variable.This test examined the interaction between the independent and dependent variables.In this case, the researcher intended to investigate how the preparedness of the village government and the community interact to influence the mitigation of water drought disasters in Sumberharjo village.The researcher's findings could be seen in the decision-making basis as follows: If the calculated F value was greater than the tabulated F value, then the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted.However, if the calculated F value was smaller than the tabulated F value, then the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was rejected.Based on the test results obtained from calculations using the SPSS 25 application, the calculated F value was 114.744, which was greater than the tabulated F value of 3.08.Therefore, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected.This meant that there was a significant influence between the preparedness of the village government and the community in mitigating water drought disasters in Sumberharjo village.
Disaster is an event that can disrupt the livelihoods of communities (Genta Smart, 2022, p.276).This is caused by several factors, whether natural or non-natural, as well as human factors, resulting in loss of human life, environmental damage, property damage, and psychological impact.Drought is the depletion of groundwater availability needed for living, agricultural activities, industry, and the environment.
Disaster management is a specialized field of knowledge that studies disasters and all aspects related to disasters, especially disaster risks, and how to avoid and mitigate their impacts (Genta Smart, 2022, p.286).According to the general guidelines for disasterresilient villages/communities in the Head of BNPB Regulation No. 1 of 2012, as stipulated in Article 4 of Law No. 24/2007, it explains how to mitigate disasters with the aim of protecting the community from the impacts of disasters.According to Head of BNPB Regulation No. 3 of 2008 regarding guidelines for the formation of regional disaster management agencies, the responsibility for protecting the community lies with the village government, namely the village chief and other village officials (Law of 2008).Preparedness is the activity that demonstrates the level of effectiveness in responding to disasters comprehensively.It involves the plans that communities will undertake as they enter the dry season.

CONCLUSION
The results of the data analysis in this research, which discussed the preparedness of the village government and the community in addressing drought disaster management in Sumberharjo Village, Sumberrejo Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency, were that the preparedness of the village government had a positive and significant influence on drought disaster management, as seen from the partial test results of the t-test, with a significance value less than 0.05, namely 0.000.Thus, H1 is accepted.Then, the preparedness of the community had a positive and significant influence on drought disaster management, as seen from the partial test results, with a significance value less than 0.05, namely 0.000.Thus, H2 was accepted.Besides, the preparedness of the village government and the community had a positive and significant influence, as calculated from the simultaneous test with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.Thus, H3 is accepted.
Based on the multiple linear regression values, the preparedness of the village government accounts for 47.6%, while the preparedness of the community accounts for 39.8% of the influence on drought disaster management.When tested together, the preparedness of the village government and the community account for 70.5% of the influence, as seen from the Mean Square results in the simultaneous test.The remaining 29.5% was influenced by variables which were not included in this research.

RECOMMENDATION
From the results of the research and analysis of the field conditions, the following recommendations can be made: 1.There is a need for data inventory of drought mitigation implementation in drought-prone areas, both successful and unsuccessful, to facilitate further research in the future.2. Prioritize the scale of intervention by determining appropriate technologies.3. Proper allocation of funds for drought mitigation that is well-organized and programmed.4. The next step in drought management is to optimize water sources (water implementation can be integrated and more detailed in the most droughtprone areas).5.For medium-term programs, prioritization scales should be established to facilitate subsequent implementation.6. Detailed descriptions of existing models and their development are necessary.
The R-value was greater than the R-table value.Below were the results of the validity test for the variable "Community Preparedness" (X2).
Based on the histogram graph of the residual test above, it could be observed that the histogram graph indicated that the regression model had fulfilled the classic assumption, thus it was appropriate for use, as the data distribution covered the entire area of the normal curve, indicating normality of the data.
a. Dependent Variable:RES2 Source: Primary data processed in 2023