The Role of Literacy in Creasing Awareness of Waste Management

This research aimed to analyze the role of literacy in increasing awareness of waste management. This research utilized a qualitative method. The results indicated that addressing waste management issues also requires the integration of technology. Digital media usage significantly influences the shift in individuals' mindsets. Enhancing waste literacy can be achieved through social media platforms. Educational initiatives can leverage various features provided by these platforms. Tailoring educational approaches to the age group of the target audience is

Following Circular No. 658/812 regarding the Closure of Regional Landfill Services in Piyungan, the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Government decided to temporarily close the landfill located in Piyungan, Bantul.The closure of the landfill took place from July 23, 2023, to September 5, 2023.The accumulation of waste exceeding its capacity has led to the temporary closure of this landfill.The waste pile, which usually reaches a height of only 14 meters, has now reached heights of 16-26 meters, prompting the DIY Government to decide on a temporary closure.
This situation has made the community worried about the emergence of several negative impacts on the surrounding environment.The community complains about the high accumulation of waste, which is considered excessive or beyond the capacity limit.They are concerned that landslides may occur someday due to the towering piles of garbage.The location of the landfill, which is situated on the roadside, makes the community feel disrupted in their activities due to the queue of large trucks that will dispose of waste at the landfill.
The DIY government admitted to constructing a transitional site which is also used as a disposal site.The transitional site is divided into two stages, with the first stage having completed its construction process and already operational as a disposal site.However, once again, the amount of waste generated is too much, causing the first-stage transitional site to become overloaded or exceed the designated capacity limit.The DIY government estimated that the first-stage transitional site would be full in about 6 to 7 months, but within only 4 to 5 months, it was already filled with garbage piles.This is due to the daily influx of waste into the Piyungan landfill, reaching up to 780 tons per day.The second-stage transitional site is currently under construction and is expected to be completed by October 2023.
In addition, the DIY government has prepared a temporary landfill site located in the Cangkringan area, Kapanewon Sleman, DIY.Although the government has prepared another location as a temporary landfill, the community also needs to play a role in reducing and managing waste.Waste is the residue of daily activities that can be utilized or still suitable for reuse by nature and humans (Law No. 18 of 2008).As stipulated in Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, waste reduction and handling are part of waste management, so it is not only the government's responsibility but also our obligation as citizens to comply with the existing regulations.
The government hopes for cooperation from the community to reduce the amount of waste and to independently sort and manage waste for the time being.Waste is sorted between organic and inorganic waste for further management or processing.Organic waste, such as food leftovers, can be processed into compost, while for inorganic waste, the 3R method (reduce, reuse, and recycle) can be applied.The waste sorting process is expected to be carried out at the district or city level before the waste is transported to the landfill for final processing.
However, the majority of the community still have misconceptions about waste management.They believe that landfills are places to dump waste without prior sorting.In fact, people should sort waste first, distinguishing between organic and inorganic waste.Waste that has been sorted should then be processed independently.The community can convert organic waste into compost, while inorganic waste can be recycled into reusable items.The DIY government urges people not to burn waste as it can cause air pollution.The Mayor of Yogyakarta, Singgih Raharjo, stated that air quality in the city had recently declined.This was based on monitoring by equipment from the Yogyakarta Environmental Agency (DLH), which indicated that air quality fell into the moderate category.
The 3R method (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is a waste volume reduction activity aimed at ensuring that all segments of society, including the government, business sector, and the general public, can implement waste reduction efforts through smart, efficient, and programmed measures (Setiadi, 2015).Waste that is not properly managed will have negative impacts on the environment and society itself.This will undoubtedly create new problems and may add to the long list of issues in Indonesia that remain unresolved.
The negative impacts that may arise from inadequate waste management include disrupted environmental sustainability and the risk of causing diseases in humans.This was evident in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) following the closure of the Final Disposal Site (TPA) located in Piyungan, Bantul, DIY.Just one week after the closure of the TPA was announced, piles of garbage began to accumulate at several points in the city of Yogyakarta.The garbage piles were seen mounting along the roadside and in areas near rivers in the city.People who were accustomed to disposing of their waste at the TPA without engaging in sorting and managing it independently would undoubtedly feel burdened by the decision to temporarily close the Piyungan TPA.As a result, they disposed of garbage indiscriminately at various points, leading to new garbage piles and disrupting the environmental balance in the vicinity.
Some residents complained about the unpleasant smell and the abundance of flies entering their homes.The unpleasant odor emanated from the piles of garbage that accumulated along the edges of roads near residential areas, even in front of residents' houses.Consequently, with the towering piles of garbage, several animals such as flies, cats, and even rats were drawn to the area.This is very dangerous as it can lead to diseases that affect humans.Piles of garbage are not only found at several points around residential areas but also along busy roads frequented by motor vehicles and in riverside areas.The previously smoothflowing roads are now obstructed due to the presence of garbage piles.The once clean and beautiful environment now appears dirty.This is regrettable because Yogyakarta is one of the cities that serves as a tourist destination for local residents, outof-town visitors, and even foreign tourists.The sight of a dirty environment in several corners of the city will undoubtedly make tourists feel uncomfortable when traveling in Yogyakarta.
Tourists who do not feel comfortable will be reluctant to come back.As a result, some residents of Yogyakarta who have businesses will experience a decrease in income.The numerous complaints received by the DIY Government regarding the presence of garbage piles at several points in the city of Yogyakarta have prompted local authorities to carry out environmental enforcement.Environmental enforcement is carried out to prevent people from indiscriminately dumping garbage, whether on the roadside, in rivers, or anywhere else.The enforcement carried out by the DIY Government includes crackdowns on anyone caught in the act of littering.The DIY Government urges its citizens not to litter and to abide by the applicable regulations.There will be strict sanctions imposed by the DIY Government if residents continue to disregard the rules.
The act of littering carried out by residents of Yogyakarta is a form of protest against the local government due to the temporary closure of the Piyungan Landfill.
Residents feel confused about where to dispose of their garbage because they have not received further information about the depots that will be used as temporary disposal sites by the residents of Yogyakarta.Nevertheless, the actions of residents who litter indiscriminately are not justified at all.The Head of the Department of Environmental Services (DLH) of Yogyakarta City, Sugeng Darmanto, stated that the DIY Government has prepared several depots that can be used by the community.There are 14 depots provided with limited operating hours.The waste transport fleet from the DLH not only transports garbage but also routinely travels around to collect garbage found on the roadside.The DIY Government deeply regrets the discovery of garbage piles still found at several points in the city of Yogyakarta.
Residents should have the initiative and self-awareness to manage waste independently.The low self-awareness among the community makes them act without considering the consequences that will follow.The lack of education from the government is also one of the factors why the community has low self-awareness in managing waste independently.Land limitations also trigger why people do not manage waste independently.However, the government still urges the community to at least separate waste (organic and inorganic) if waste management processes cannot be carried out.In this way, sanitation workers will at least feel assisted because the community has already separated the waste before processing it to the final stage.

LITERATURE REVIEW Previous Studies
One of the ongoing issues in Indonesia is waste management.According to Bahar, waste is a solid material that is no longer desired and is disposed of, resulting in incomplete decomposition by nature and causing damage.There is a need for educating the public about waste management to prevent environmental degradation.Waste management can be carried out comprehensively, starting from the source to the downstream.From the source, potential waste materials are not yet generated until downstream when products have been used and safely returned to nature (Aryenti, 2011).According to Inoguchi et al., (2003), there are three considerations in waste management: 1) Identification of existing waste management system conditions; 2) Proper definition of waste management; and 3) Patterns of policy development and implementation.
Waste reduction activities aim to limit, reuse, and recycle waste.These activities are commonly referred to as Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R).Through intelligent, effective, and programmed efforts, it is hoped that the volume of waste generated by society can be reduced (Setiadi, 2015).However, there are obstacles in this process, namely the difficulty of the community in sorting or categorizing waste.Therefore, Waste Banks are established to facilitate waste sorting by the community.Not only that, but through Waste Banks, it is hoped that the community can cultivate self-awareness in waste management (Yogiesti et al., 2012).Waste Banks are considered to provide direct benefits to the community, not only economically but also in achieving a clean, green, comfortable, and healthy environment (Damanhuri & Padmi, 2019).
Waste is classified into three categories: household waste, similar household waste, and specific waste (Sucipto, 2012).Waste management is not easy; it is highly complex.The process involves five main aspects: institutional, financial, regulatory, operational techniques, and community participation.These five aspects are interrelated and form a closely integrated unit (Sintorini, 2002).
Waste management is regulated by Law Number 18 of 2008, which states that waste management is a systematic, comprehensive, and continuous effort encompassing two parts: waste reduction and waste handling.Waste reduction processes include waste pile restriction, recycling, and reusing waste.Waste reduction is considered an effective solution to reduce waste production.Waste handling processes involve sorting waste types, quantities, and characteristics.Waste collection and transportation from waste sources to temporary waste storage facilities, then to the Final Disposal Site (TPA), are managed by altering waste characteristics, waste composition, and waste quantity, ensuring that the processed waste can be safely returned to nature (Law No. 18 of 2008).
Based on the Law, the waste management process referred to is based on the concept of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R).Through this concept, it is hoped to reduce the volume of waste generated daily.Improper and ineffective waste handling can disrupt environmental sustainability.One solution proposed by the government is the Waste Bank program.According to the Unilever Indonesia Foundation (2013), a Waste Bank is a collective dry waste management system that encourages active community participation.The community plays an active role in sorting organic and inorganic waste, which is then deposited in the Waste Bank.The community can directly benefit from the Waste Bank program.Economically, sorted and deposited waste allows the community to withdraw the proceeds within a certain period as this program adopts banking principles, allowing depositors to have savings accounts (Hani & Safitri, 2019).
As a result, the community has additional income from the Waste Bank program.Another benefit is that their surrounding environment becomes clean and well-preserved.Waste will no longer be scattered on the streets but will be organized neatly and orderly by the community.Waste Banks provide an effective, safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly waste management alternative.The Waste Bank program fosters self-awareness in the community to properly manage waste.

Education and Motivation as Changing Behavior
Limitations in public knowledge about waste management lead to reduced self-awareness among the community regarding the importance of proper waste management.Many people perceive waste as mere disposable material that cannot be reused.Consequently, they become increasingly indifferent towards waste management.Waste is often not sorted before being handed over to sanitation workers or disposed of in landfills.Ideally, communities should collaborate with the government and sanitation workers to manage waste independently, at least up to the separation of organic and inorganic waste.Afterward, waste can be handed over to sanitation workers or taken to landfills for final processing.
There is a need for education and motivation from local governments to instill sufficient self-awareness among the community regarding independent waste management.Waste management is not solely the responsibility of the government; communities must also actively contribute.Therefore, education and motivation are appropriate choices for governments to cultivate a sense of self-awareness among the public regarding proper waste management.Merely acquiring knowledge is not enough; it is hoped that communities will also gain experience and economic benefits from waste processing.So far, knowledge alone has been deemed insufficient to foster community selfawareness.
Further education and motivation are needed to change people's mindset towards waste management.
Limited land availability is another factor hindering waste management.Unsupportive geographical conditions and the high volume of waste exacerbate the situation.Most people usually create waste storage pits for those with excess land around their homes.This step is taken to process organic waste, while a different approach is adopted for inorganic waste.By burying and burning waste, communities typically manage inorganic waste.However, they fail to realize the consequences of these actions.Air pollution resulting from burning waste can lead to various diseases.Once again, low community awareness is the main trigger for these issues.
The low participation of the community in waste management is due to the suboptimal knowledge or education provided, as well as the low self-awareness and motivation of the community itself (Amalia, 2020).Education is needed not only to provide knowledge but also to change the mindset of the community, which often underestimates the benefits of waste.It would be beneficial if education not only focused on understanding and the impacts that will arise but also emphasized the waste management process itself.This way, the community will better understand and care about waste management.Starting from the grassroots level, such as community environments, to office and public environments, with a relatively small number of participants, information can be more easily disseminated to the target audience (Jakartamedia, 2020).
Through empowering the community regarding waste management, it is hoped that waste issues will gradually be resolved.According to Widjaja (2003:169), community empowerment is an effort to enhance the capabilities and potential of individuals within the community, so that they have maximum self-identity, dignity, and self-reliance to sustain and develop themselves independently, in economic, social, religious, and cultural aspects.Active participation of the community is crucial in this empowerment.They are no longer passive recipients but active agents.The initiative and creativity of the community are the key elements in community empowerment.
Without active community participation, efforts undertaken will not be sustainable.The role of the community is vital in conveying innovations, and ideas, as well as criticisms and suggestions to the government.The community can channel aspirations to the government through democratic means.In this way, the community is considered important due to their mental and emotional involvement in the form of concern, tangible actions, and activities that impact environmental cleanliness.Based on Law Number 23 Article 5 of 2007, it states that everyone has the same right to a good and healthy environment, everyone has the right to environmental information related to their role in environmental management, and everyone has the right to play a role in environmental management by applicable laws and regulations.

The Role of Digitalization in Waste Management
Digitalization is a process of creating or improving business processes through technology and digital data.This term refers to the use of technology and digital data to increase revenue and create a digital culture (Crawford et al., 2020;Johannessen & Olsen, 2010).Digital media plays a crucial role as a channel for distributing information from one individual to another.Through social media, users can easily and quickly receive all kinds of information.The effects for users of social media include providing information, mobilizing, changing, and strengthening (Potter, 2012).The mobilizing and changing effects enable users to think more critically about various waste issues happening outside or on social media.They can utilize this information to make the best decisions in addressing these waste issues.The presence of sharing features and online discussion spaces makes it easier for users to express opinions, ideas, criticisms, suggestions, and innovations regarding waste issues.
According to Hoijer (2010), social media plays a very important role in disseminating information to the general public about waste issues and global sustainability.Media has been proven to have the power to engage communities in environmental issues (Zhao, 2009).Social media, closely related to the younger generation, will undoubtedly have a more positive impact on the waste issues faced.The current younger generation has demonstrated better abilities in addressing waste issues through ideas, concepts, and physical involvement.Physical involvement such as voluntary work, waste processing, and facilitation in stakeholder meetings are tangible evidence of what the younger generation can do in addressing waste issues (Dewi, 2018).According to Brondi (2012), the involvement of the younger generation in waste issues will yield positive results for the future.In the future, the younger generation will become protagonist potentials who will take over institutional decisions regarding waste, environment, and sustainability policies.
Literacy among the younger generation is increasingly being emphasized to reduce and resolve current waste issues.Literacy is maximized through online platforms, namely social media.Almost 60% of social media users are young people aged 17 to 34, known as digital natives (Rahmawati et al., 2020).The ease offered by social media makes information spread quickly, especially regarding waste issues (Khuzaifah, 2019).Social media easily connects individuals with similar interests in waste issues.Social media serves as a platform for interaction among individuals to share knowledge, ideas, concepts According to Antin (2019), waste literacy is the awareness, knowledge, and skills of an individual or group in managing waste based on the principles of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle).Waste literacy competition is a group with skills and abilities that can be used and expressed in the real world, as well as the setting of values for specific purposes (North American Association for Environmental Education (in Hollweg et al., 2011)).
The components of waste literacy consist of three, including knowledge, attitudes, and waste literacy competencies.Social media plays a role in building waste literacy competencies through the cultivation effect.The cultivation theory, or cultivation effect, refers to the impact of television exposure on human behavior or conduct over a period of time (Junaidi, 2018).Not only that, George Gerbner in Littlejohn & Foss (2008) also suggested that television provides a new perspective for viewers known as the cultivation effect.The cultivation theory is not limited to television alone, but social media is also included.Social media can replace the interaction between viewers and television media in the cultivation theory.This cultivation effect is considered to have a more positive influence on viewers over a long period of time and with high intensity (Littlejohn & Foss, 2008).There are four ways social media influences users, namely acquiring, triggering, altering, and reinforcing (Potter, 2012).

Research Methodology
The method used in this research is qualitative.According to Sugiyono (2018Sugiyono ( :2013)), the qualitative method is a method based on philosophy and used to research an experiment, with the writer acting as the instrument, data collection and analysis techniques are qualitative, which emphasizes meaning.This method emphasizes observing phenomena or events that occur around us.This type of research is usually more focused on human elements, objects, and institutions.The writer can express opinions and thoughts accompanied by facts and data available, so the writer feels more free to express opinions according to the existing facts.Therefore, qualitative research is more subjective towards individual data.
The data collection process is done indirectly or is commonly referred to as secondary data.According to Sugiyono (2019:193), secondary data is the process of data collection done indirectly.The sources used are usually documentation and literature.In obtaining secondary data, several techniques can be used.The techniques used in this research are literature study and observation.Literature study is one of the most commonly used techniques, namely by reading, studying, and noting data that is considered important and relevant to the topic used.Observation is a technique used to examine an object carefully and then record the information obtained.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Waste management is one of the important aspects that should be given special attention.Errors in waste management can lead to serious consequences if not addressed continuously.Air, water, and soil pollution, as well as the emergence of various diseases, are some of the impacts that can become serious problems if society neglects proper waste management.The importance of awareness in proper waste management is still lacking in some communities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY).Based on the Environmental Neglect Behavior Index Report by BPS Indonesia in 2018, it is stated that 66% of people in DIY are still indifferent to waste issues.Another fact states that around 630-650 tons of household waste enter the Piyungan landfill every day.This amount exceeds the capacity of the landfill (DIY Regional House of Representatives, 2020).People who do not directly feel the impact will become more neglectful, and their awareness of waste issues will decrease.
Another factor affecting the low self-awareness in society is the lack of education and motivation provided.Education provided should not only be in the form of knowledge but also through concrete actions.Actions that can be taken include specific waste campaigns, outreach, and training.The more often people are involved in waste-related activities, the easier it is to instill self-awareness in the community about the importance of waste management.Empowering communities can also be done through the Waste Bank program.This program was created due to community concerns about the increasingly uncontrolled environmental sustainability.Environments that were once lush, green, and comfortable have now become less well-maintained due to the presence of waste.Therefore, with the Waste Bank program, it is hoped that communities can once again care about environmental conservation and reduce waste.As stipulated in Law Number 32 Article 67 of 2009, which states "Every person is obliged to preserve the sustainability of the environmental functions and control pollution and/or environmental damage." The Waste Bank is considered effective as one way to educate the community.Initially, the Waste Bank was formed due to initiatives from the community itself, with encouragement and facilitation from the government through the Yogyakarta City Environmental Agency (DLH).With the Waste Bank in place, the amount of waste disposed of in the Piyungan landfill decreased by 50%, thereby extending the lifespan of the landfill and easing the burden of waste management budget.This is evidenced by the reduction in the amount of waste sent to the Piyungan landfill.Around 100 to 130 tons of waste per day entered the Piyungan landfill.However, after implementing the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), the amount of waste entering the Piyungan landfill decreased to 95 tons per day.
The community is not only provided with education in the form of knowledge and concrete actions but technology also plays an active role in it.They are taught how to manage Waste Bank data in an information system.It is hoped that the community can manage this data more easily and quickly using the information system.The use of posters for waste management campaigns is also one of the efforts made to ensure that information or invitations become more ingrained in the minds of the community and to cultivate self-awareness to better manage waste.
Through the Waste Bank, the community not only reduces waste production but also earns extra money from waste deposits.The results of these deposits can be withdrawn at regular intervals.The Waste Bank applies banking concepts in its program, so the community is already familiar with the workings of the program.Waste deposited in the Waste Bank will be processed into items with economic value that can be reused or sold.One of the products is ecobrick.According to Chien, Lu, Liou, and Huang (2012), ecobrick is an effort to utilize inorganic waste collected into plastic bottles to create various useful and beneficial tools.Ecobrick becomes one solution for utilizing inorganic waste such as plastics that are difficult to decompose into more useful items.

CONCLUSION
The issue of waste management remains an important issue that requires special attention.Without cooperation between the community and the government, this problem will not be resolved.Empowering the community through the socialization efforts carried out by the government should be accompanied by the growth of awareness within the community.Understanding the importance of preserving the environment through proper waste management is crucial.If the community regards waste management as a necessity, it will lead to a change in attitudes.With the behavioral changes adopted by the community, many positive outcomes will also emerge.Making changes is not easy, but if it is consistently instilled in individuals, a sense of responsibility to protect the environment will arise.
The solution to waste management issues also involves the involvement of technology.The use of digital media has a significant impact on changing an individual's mindset.Strengthening waste literacy efforts can be done through social media.Education efforts can utilize various features provided by social media platforms.Adapting education methods to the target audience's age is also important to ensure they receive the information effectively.Providing education and knowledge alone is not enough to foster self-awareness in individuals.It would be beneficial if education is accompanied by tangible actions.Some examples of tangible actions include community service, outreach programs, and training sessions.These activities can be tailored to different age groups and environments.It would be even better if these activities could start at a small scale, such as at the neighborhood (RT) and school levels.
, and collaborate (Ballew et al.; Wamuyu in Sujata, 2019).The positive influence provided by social media includes (Arbani et al., 2016): 1) Changes in knowledge.2) Changes in attitudes towards the environment.3) Emotions and feelings of the audience towards environmental issues.4) Changes in audience behavior towards proenvironmental behavior.6) Increased critical thinking in individuals towards environmental policies.7) Increased willingness of individuals to provide funds to protect the environment.