Facing the Garbage Piles: Implementation of Domestic Waste Management by Village-Owned Enterprises

As part of efforts towards Indonesia's Free of Waste, Bojonegoro Regency implemented the Garbage Emergency program in 2020. This program includes strategies for waste utilization and determining the location of Final Waste Disposal Sites. Through collaboration between the Village Government and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa), innovations have been created to address household waste issues. The domestic waste management program managed by BUMDesa targets the direct participation of households in waste sorting and storage according to its classification, with the hope of reducing the accumulation of waste that pollutes the environment. This research aimed to analyze the implementation of domestic waste management by Village-Owned Enterprises. The method used in this research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research focused on six indicators: policy standards and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agents, inter-organizational communication, socio-economic-political conditions, and the disposition of implementers, with data collection techniques including interviews, literature review, and documentation. Findings from this research indicated that the implementation of waste management programs in Sambiroto Village involves cooperation between the village government, Village-Owned Enterprises, and residents. This program aimed to reduce the volume of waste originating from households by actively involving community participation. However, the implementation of this program faces challenges, including limited resources and a lack of financial support from the community. The village government needed to improve communication and provide training for the community and personnel involved in the program. Additionally, providing subsidies or assistance to low-income communities can also enhance participation in waste management. With


INTRODUCTION
Every person, whether on an individual basis, within a family, or as part of society, inevitably faces issues related to waste.Waste-related issues are a problem frequently encountered at various levels of regions, ranging from small-scale like residential areas and villages to larger levels such as districts, regencies/cities, and even countries.Currently, more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, and urbanization continues to grow rapidly.This phenomenon will complicate the challenges in waste management (Hoornweg, 2012).
Based on data from ScienceMag (2017), there has been a trend of increasing total global plastic waste production from 1950 to 2015.In 1950, global waste production was only about 2 million tons per year.However, after 65 years, in 2015, waste production dramatically increased to around 381 million tons per year (Kompas.com, 2018).According to data collected by the Indonesian Plastic Industry Association (INAPLAS) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia produces about 64 million tons of plastic waste per year, with around 3.2 million tons of it polluting the sea.Data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2018 also revealed that 72 percent of Indonesia's population still does not pay adequate attention to waste management (Amaranti, 2017).
One of the contributing factors to environmental pollution faced by Indonesia is the continuous increase in the amount of waste, making this issue a national problem and difficult to find an optimal solution (Matiandari, 2016).The increasing amount of waste every year reflects the need for appropriate and accurate handling of waste issues.This is crucial to create an optimal and solution-oriented waste management system to address waste problems in Indonesia.
East Java, with its vast territory, has many cities and regencies, and it cannot be denied that every year this region has the potential to contribute to the increase in waste.One example is Bojonegoro Regency, which produces around 211,000 cubic meters of waste per day.This proves that Bojonegoro Regency can be identified as a contributor to waste in East Java.Not only is waste generated by the community but there is also a contribution from foreign workers in the upstream Oil and Gas industry in Bojonegoro (Permatasari, 2016).From various data obtained from the Bojonegoro Regency Environmental Agency and the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN), the amount of waste transported and served by the Bojonegoro landfill in 2018 was 263.81 m3/day or 92.34 tons/day and experienced an increase in 2019.However, based on SIPSN Data, the amount of waste generated in Bojonegoro Regency has been decreasing from 2019 to 2022.In 2019, it produced 185,688 tons of waste, then decreased to 189,402 tons in 2020, but increased to 195,823 tons in 2021.In the following year, namely 2021, the amount of waste generated experienced a very drastic decrease, amounting to 137,271 tons.
Through various efforts, Bojonegoro Regency has implemented various programs and activities, one of which is implementing a work program called Waste Emergency by utilizing that this program can have a positive impact on environmental cleanliness and increase public awareness of the importance of sustainable waste management.existing waste.Bojonegoro Regency is one of the eight cities/regencies in East Java Province selected as a pilot project towards Indonesia Bebas Sampah (Indonesia Free from Waste) in 2020.Bojonegoro Regency was chosen because it has a high level of economic activity, which leads to an increase in waste volume.In its efforts to achieve the goals of the pilot project regarding this matter, Bojonegoro Regency faces the main challenge of reducing waste volume by the commitments outlined by the government.Strategic issues include the utilization of generated waste and the determination of landfill locations in efforts to achieve Bojonegoro Regency's target to become waste-free by 2020 (Susilowati, 2016).
The efforts of the program implemented to reduce waste-related issues are also reflected in the Regional Regulation (Perda).In Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2017 concerning Waste Management in Bojonegoro Regency, the Bojonegoro Regency government has the task of ensuring the proper management of waste.In the Implementation of Waste Management, the Regional Government can collaborate among Regional Governments or the Regional Government can partner with businesses in waste management.Following the regional regulations and the Medium- The target of this program is directly households as the source of waste.This approach was chosen based on several considerations, one of which is the accumulation of waste leading to environmental pollution, partly caused by the reluctance of people to dispose of waste, resulting in accumulation in various places.In this process, community participation is crucial, starting from the household level where they conduct sorting and storage of waste according to its classification.Therefore, the background of this research is how the implementation of a domestic waste management program by Village-Owned Enterprises.

LITERATURE REVIEW Domestic Waste Management
According to Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management (UUPS), waste is defined as the remnants of human daily activities or the results of natural processes that are in solid form.Waste management is a series of wellplanned, comprehensive, and sustainable activities that include efforts to reduce and address waste issues.Waste reduction, as explained in the UUPS, involves efforts to limit waste production, recycle waste, and reuse waste.In its implementation, it is hoped that the community and businesses will use materials that produce minimal waste, can be recycled, and easily decomposed by natural processes.The main objective of domestic waste management, or more commonly known as household waste, is to improve public health and environmental quality and to turn waste into a resource.

Policy Program for Domestic Waste Management
Fredrick (1998) explains that policy is an effort to involve individuals, groups, or governments that are interdependent and provide recommendations as well as outlining opportunities and challenges in achieving an implementation or goal.In this case, the policy for household waste management is the government's effort to regulate, supervise, and implement steps to manage the waste generated by households efficiently and sustainably.This policy aims to reduce the negative impacts of uncontrolled waste disposal, including environmental pollution, public health issues, and optimize the utilization of natural resources.
The important aspects of household waste management policy (Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, 2021) include 1) Waste reduction.This policy encourages the community to reduce the amount of waste generated by promoting the use of environmentally friendly products, supporting reuse of items, and reducing consumption of single-use materials.2) Waste separation.The community is encouraged to separate household waste into different categories, such as organic, non-organic, paper, plastic, and others.Thus, separated waste will be easier to process and recycle.3) Recycling and reuse.This policy focuses on the use of technology and recycling facilities to process waste into raw materials that can be reused in industries.This will reduce the need for new natural resources and reduce the volume of waste that needs to be disposed of.4) Safe waste processing.This policy sets standards for the processing of household waste to avoid negative impacts on the environment and public health.The processing process should avoid the use of hazardous open burning methods and switch to more environmentally friendly technologies.5) Education and community awareness.This policy includes education and socialization programs to raise public awareness about the importance of proper and responsible waste management.

Domestic Waste Management Program by Village-Owned Enterprises
The village of Sambiroto, in the Kapas District of Bojonegoro Regency, collaborated with the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) to address the waste issue.This program was launched in 2022 after the issuance of Village Head Regulation Number 7 of 2022 regarding Village Environmental Management.The program aims to change the way communities manage their waste, focusing on environmental awareness and community participation in nature conservation.It involves all layers of society, from children to the elderly, and has three main pillars as the foundation of the program.
Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2017 concerning Waste Management regulates waste management in Bojonegoro Regency.In this regulation, the government is tasked with raising public awareness about waste management, providing waste sorting facilities, and waste processing facilities.The government also conducts community development activities to ensure proper waste management.
According to this regulation, the government is responsible for developing and enhancing public awareness in waste management.The local government also provides regional-scale waste sorting facilities and waste processing facilities.Additionally, the local government is responsible for conducting community development activities to ensure the implementation of waste management runs smoothly.Normatively, the coordination line of the local government lies in involving the lowest government level, namely the village government.The success of waste management implementation depends entirely on the willingness of the village government and the community.This willingness can start from understanding and awareness of the importance of waste management as one of the indicators of successful waste management in the village.
The household waste management program is a significant initial step towards achieving a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable village.In early 2022, the village government, along with community groups and village-owned enterprises, collaborated to design and launch the program.Plans are made to involve all village residents from various segments of society, from children to the elderly.The program is based on three main pillars: 1. Environmental Education and Awareness The team from the program begins to develop educational campaigns to introduce the concept of the importance of proper waste management to the entire village community.These campaigns are conducted through community meetings, lectures, and interactive activities involving the villagers.In this campaign, the community is taught about the importance of sorting organic and non-organic waste, as well as the benefits of recycling and reducing the use of single-use plastics.

Waste Management Infrastructure
The village government of Sambiroto works hard to build better and more modern waste management facilities.
Separate waste collection points are arranged to facilitate residents in sorting their household waste.

Community Participation
The active participation of the entire community is the key to the success of this program.
To encourage participation, the program offers rewards and recognition to community groups or individuals who successfully achieve specific waste reduction and recycling targets.Additionally, regular community clean-up activities are organized to clean the environment and manage waste together.

Implementation of Public Policy
Van Meter and Van Horn (as cited in Wahab 2006:65) argue that policy implementation involves actions by individuals, officials, or groups, both from the government and private sectors, aimed at achieving the goals set in policy decisions.According to Van Meter and Van Horn (as mentioned in Grindle, 1980:6), implementation also involves developing networks through government agencies and stakeholders' activities, with the hope of realizing the goals of the policy.Policy implementation is a crucial and most important stage in the entire public policy process.No matter how well the planning, drafting, and adoption of policies are done, the value and significance of the policy will be lost if not implemented effectively.Implementing public policy becomes a very important aspect because even though a policy has a good concept, without proper preparation and planning in its implementation, the objectives of the policy will not be achieved (Widodo, 2013:17).

Policy Implementation Model
Van Meter and Van Horn, as cited in Subarsono (2005:99), attempted to apply a policy system model that essentially focuses on several elements that must always be present to make policy implementation successful.There are 6 factors that influence the success of policy implementation, including a) Policy standards and objectives: These are comprehensive details about the policy objectives written in regulatory documents.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In terms of research methodology, this study applies a qualitative approach with a case study design.According to Bodgan and Taylor (2002), qualitative research is a type of research that produces descriptive data in the form of written words or oral statements from individuals or observable behavior.This point emphasizes the type of data collected in the research, namely qualitative descriptive data used to explore and understand a main phenomenon more deeply.To achieve understanding of the phenomenon, the researcher conducts interviews with individuals related to the phenomenon, using questions that have broad and indepth coverage.
The research location is selected in Sambiroto Village, Kapas Sub District, Bojonegoro Regency, where domestic waste management in Sambiroto Village involves collaboration from various parties, including the Regency Government, Village Government, Village-Owned Enterprises, and the local community.Then, the data collection process is carried out through interviews.The researcher employs in-depth interview method.In-depth interviews are a process where the researcher obtains relevant information for the research purpose through face-to-face dialogue between the interviewer and the interviewee, with or without interview guide (Arikunto, 2010:231)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Implementation of Domestic Waste Management by BUMDesa
Law Number 18 of 2008 marks an important milestone in efforts to achieve a clean and sustainable environment in Indonesia.This law provides a legal basis and clear guidance for managing waste efficiently and environmentally friendly, in response to the increasing environmental problems caused by poorly managed waste piles.This policy aims to create a more sustainable waste management system, reduce negative environmental impacts, and promote the implementation of recycling and waste reduction principles.One of the key points of this law is the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle) as a strategic step to reduce the negative impacts of waste.The law also encourages active participation of the community in waste management through participatory-based management.
The implementation of this law has brought significant positive impacts, such as the creation of an Integrated Waste Management System (IWMS) involving active participation of the community, private sector, and government in addressing waste problems holistically.However, challenges such as lack of infrastructure and facilities still need to be addressed through strengthening cooperation among various parties and the use of environmentally friendly technology.The implementation of this policy refers to the policy implementation theory of Van Horn and Van Meter, which emphasizes coordination, communication, and consistency among various actors involved in the implementation process of domestic waste management policies managed by BUMDesa, including: 1. Policy Standards and Objectives The successful implementation of policy depends on how well the policy objectives and standards can be achieved within the existing socio-cultural context at the policy implementation level.It is important to have realistic goals that can be effectively realized.Van Meter and Van Horn emphasize the importance of setting specific standards and targets to measure policy implementation performance.Understanding the general objectives of policy standards and goals as well as the disposition of implementers is key to policy implementation success (Horn & Meter, 1970).
Normatively, the standards of village environmental management policy have been fulfilled based on the Village Head Regulation Number 7 of 2022.The process stages have followed the mechanism of regulation formation, starting from planning, organizing village meetings attended by several stakeholders including Village Officials, Village Consultative Body (BPD), neighborhood chiefs (RT and RW), community leaders, leading to the formation of a village regulation and facilitation stage by the Village Government in collaboration with the Village-Owned Enterprises and the Environmental Agency in terms of management.In this regard, the close relationship between policy standards and objectives and the disposition or attitude of implementers is also important.The implementers' disposition towards policy standards and objectives is significant.However, in actual implementation, the lack of understanding among officials regarding policy standards and objectives hinders the optimal achievement of policy targets.Socialization and education to the community and other stakeholders are important to ensure a good understanding of the policy.
According to Winarno, socialization aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the content or substance of a formulated policy.This is the essence of public policy socialization, where the involved parties can know and understand the intended policy.With knowledge and understanding, these parties can comprehend their roles and contributions, which are expected to participate optimally in the implementation of the policy (Winarno, 2006).
Empirically, the lack of understanding among officials regarding policy standards and objectives has prevented the policy targets from being achieved optimally.Socialization and education on public policy should not only be conveyed to policy implementers but also to the target groups of the policy and other stakeholders, both directly and indirectly.
Another factor hindering the Domestic Waste Management program in Sambiroto is related to the standard policy and objective indicators, namely, the information conveyed through layered bureaucracy.
This can cause communication distortion due to the long chain of information, resulting in biased information.The issue of information absorption also arises from the implementers' perceptions and their inability to understand the policy objectives.

Resources a. Human Resources
Having an adequate and qualified human resource is an essential aspect of policy implementation.However, in the management of domestic waste by the Village-Owned Enterprises Sejahtera in Sambitoro Village, there is an overload of human resources leading to a decline in performance.This is because in the management carried out by BUMDesa Sejahtera, there are three core positions, namely the Chairperson of BUMDesa, the Secretary of BUMDesa, and the Treasurer of BUMDesa, while in the technical positions within the waste management business unit, there are also three positions: Unit Chairperson, Unit Treasurer, and Unit Secretary.
In this case, the increasing number of similar positions can decrease the performance of each executor.
Furthermore, the educational background of field officers is still not optimal.The field officers responsible for managing domestic waste by BUMDesa include: the Chairperson of BUMDesa with a junior high school education background, then there is a treasurer with a high school education background, a secretary with a high school education background, and finally, the household waste management unit starts with the unit chairperson with a junior high school education background, a treasurer with a high school education background, and waste collectors with an elementary school education background.It is hoped that in the future, they will be supported by employees with a background in environmental engineering education so that their knowledge, capabilities, and competencies can improve the performance of domestic waste management by BUMDesa.b.Budget Resources Limitations in budget resources can have a significant impact on the success of policy implementation.
Insufficient budget may hinder the optimal execution of programs and lower the disposition of policy actors.
Sufficient budget support is required to enhance the performance of waste management.
Other interview results regarding budget resources revealed issues with the income obtained from waste fees, which are only sufficient to pay for waste collectors' salaries.The cost of mobilizing waste fees, amounting to Rp. 800,000, is taken from the Village Budget (APBDes).This indicates the village government's commitment to waste management financing with the goal of maximizing healthcare services in line with the fourth mission of Sambiroto Village.
The importance of budget or funds in this context cannot be overlooked, as it is a factor that influences the implementation of a service.As expressed by Mazmania Daniel Sabatier in Subarsono (2014), financial resources are decisive elements in every program.Every program requires budgetary and personnel support for implementation and monitoring, all of which incur costs.The situation in Sambiroto Village in addressing waste issues shows that the availability of financial resources significantly affects the success of policy implementation.Sufficient funds to support the development of waste management performance will impact the achievement of program implementation goals.c.Facilities and Infrastructure The limited waste disposal facilities can be a supportive factor in the implementation of waste management programs, as long as community participation remains high.There is a need for adequate facilities and equipment to support policy implementation and provide optimal services to the community.Facilities and infrastructure in household waste management and community waste collection services include: Waste collection vehicles from households: 1 unit, Waste Collection Points (TPS): 1 unit.The facilities and infrastructure used in waste management enable services to be carried out maximally within the scope of Sambiroto Village.The limited support for waste disposal facilities managed by BUMDesa Sejahtera is one of the supporting factors in the implementation of the domestic waste management performance improvement program.
According to Edward III, the limited availability of facilities and equipment required in policy implementation leads to the failure of policy execution.The lack of adequate facilities can indicate the lack of smooth policy implementation.The shortage of facilities will have a negative impact on program targets.If waste disposal facilities are supported by several adequate facilities such as waste collection fleet and other equipment, then all residents have access to and are served in terms of waste management (Widodo, 2013).

Characteristics of Implementing
Agents Bureaucracy is one of the most common institutions and often the overall executor of activities.The presence of bureaucracy is not only found in government structures, but also in private organizations, educational institutions, and so on.
According to Winarno (2016:188), bureaucratic structure is the arrangement of work components within an organization that indicates the division of labor and the clarity of different integrated, coordinated, and specified job functions or activities, as well as the form of commands and final reports.The bureaucratic structure responsible for implementing policies has a significant influence on policy implementation.
The success of the oversight process is determined by the availability and clarity of minimum service standards outlined in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).In the context of policies for the public sector, the quality standards of administrative services from the producer view are established based on regulations, policies, standard operating procedures (SOPs), public service standards (SPP), and minimal service standards (SPM).Therefore, the improvement of service quality is not based on material motives, but more on normative/moral motivations of the apparatus, religious basis, and accountability of the apparatus as a form of responsibility for their tasks.In this case, service is oriented towards compliance with SOPs and legal requirements.SOPs may likely become obstacles for the implementation of new policies that require new ways of working or new types of personnel to implement these policies.Thus, the greater the policy requires changes in common organizational practices, the greater the likelihood of SOPs hindering implementation.
According to Nugroho (2015:193), services based on the first paradigm, which refer to legal provisions, must be carried out in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) stipulated in those regulations.Based on interview results, waste management personnel have not been working in accordance with the SOP.Therefore, there needs to be intensive communication to waste management personnel so that the SOP can be properly understood.On the other hand, personnel must consistently adhere to these provisions, so that there is no deviation from the SOP in service flow.Thus, the SOP is truly adhered to and implemented by all parties, both by the apparatus providing household waste management services and the community receiving household waste collection services.

Communication of Implementing
Agents According to Winarno, communication is defined as "the process of conveying information from the communicator to the communicatee."Information about public policy, according to Edward, needs to be conveyed to policy implementers so they can know what needs to be prepared and done to implement the policy, thereby achieving the desired policy goals and objectives.
Therefore, effective communication, clarity, and consistency in conveying policy to all relevant parties are needed.
Communication is one of the crucial dimensions for the success of achieving the goals of a unit in implementing government policies.In this context, communication relates to the process of conveying important messages from policymakers to stakeholders.Therefore, clear and consistent information about the The social conditions of the community in Sambiroto Village can be classified into several categories, including education, health, religion, and other social issues.There are still many people in Sambiroto Village with low levels of education.This data indicates that the level of education has a significant influence on the awareness and behavior of the community in disposing of waste.Waste management behaviors include maintaining cleanliness of homes and yards, reducing household waste, conducting community service activities in the surrounding environment, which can be enhanced by separating waste into organic and non-organic categories, changing the habit of littering to be more prudent, advocating for the reuse of waste to create economically valuable goods, and implementing recycling processes for nonorganic waste.
According to Sudrajat (2015:33), a person's education, both formal and non-formal, has a significant influence on individual behavior.
Although formal education is important, nonformal education also affects a person's views and behavior.Despite the community being aware of the prohibition of littering, the habit persists because it is considered more practical.
Littering not only damages the scenery but also potentially causes diseases and reduces the quality of human life in the long run.Waste pollution can lead to various diseases such as digestive system disorders, typhoid, and dysentery, and spread germs through flies and mosquitoes that breed in garbage piles.

b. Political Condition
Political changes can trigger changes in government and alter the orientation and approach in policy implementation.The political dynamics in Sambiroto Village initially did not significantly affect the waste management process.However, the village government faced challenges in managing waste with limited budgetary resources.To address this issue, the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa Sejahtera) initiated a paid waste collection program.On the other hand, individuals facing economic difficulties, such as the impoverished, often encounter barriers to participating in waste management programs.They are more focused on basic needs such as food, housing, and education.Waste management is seen as a secondary need and is often overlooked.Furthermore, a lack of access to or difficulty in obtaining adequate waste management services can also reduce their participation in such programs.

Disposition
According to Van Horn and Van Meter, the attitude or disposition of implementers is a crucial factor in the process of public policy implementation.To effectively carry out policies, implementers must have a positive attitude and willingness that reflects good characteristics.A positive disposition will motivate implementers to execute policies in accordance with the desires of policymakers.
This involves commitment, high awareness, and personality traits such as honesty, trustworthiness, accuracy, discipline, effectiveness, efficiency, creativity, innovation, serving with respect, speaking politely and friendly, acting fairly, working without pressure, and having high integrity.Through committed behavior manifested in these characteristics, policy implementers can execute policies well and provide services in accordance with legal regulations.
According to Prayitno (2010:191), the level of commitment of officials to policy goals means seriousness in implementing the policy so that it can be obeyed and executed as intended.The implementers of the domestic waste management program by the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) demonstrate a high level of commitment in overseeing and controlling every activity in line with their duties and functions as public servants.Although some may not fully understand the program's outputs, they remain committed to contributing to the program and achieving the set goals.Communication among implementers is also consistent in realizing the program.

POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1.The Village Government needs to conduct socialization and communication with the domestic waste managers of Sambiroto village, namely the Management of BUMDesa, so that they can understand the objectives and targets of the waste management policy.In addition, cooperation with the community is also necessary in waste management, so that the objectives and targets of waste management policy can be implemented optimally.2. BUMDesa must ensure that in the implementation of domestic waste management in Sambiroto, there are employees who have knowledge considering the rapid development of the environmental world and understand the processes of the industrial world based on Environmental Technology, so that in the future, waste can generate income or revenue for the village.3. BUMDesa should create communication media to increase public awareness of the importance of proper waste management through education and campaigns involving all parties.By changing behavior and habits in managing waste, we can create a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment.

CONCLUSION
. Interviews are conducted with relevant parties, such as relevant institutions.Additionally, the researcher utilizes observation.Data and relevant information for the research are obtained through direct observation at the Temporary Storage Site (TPS) in Sambiroto Village, as well as observation of the activities of Sambiroto village community in managing household waste.Library Research is also conducted.The researcher uses sources such as books on Van Meter and Van Meter theory, as well as accessing previous research journals relevant to the research theme.Data from these sources are analyzed and used in this study.Furthermore, documentation is conducted.This data collection technique involves data sources from various documents related to the Implementation of Household Waste Management Program in Sambiroto Village.These documents can be in the form of images or written data, obtained directly from several sources or online from official websites and other internet sources.This research utilizes purposive sampling technique by selecting informants who meet specific criteria, which means considering the knowledge aspect of the informants related to the research.The informants in this study are: the Head of Sambiroto Village, the Chairperson of BUMDesa Sejahtera Sambiroto, Domestic Waste Collectors, and Community members involved in the program.For the data analysis process, it is conducted as follows: Data Collection: The researcher collects various types of data, including field notes, digital/physical documents, activity photos, and audio recordings of interviews.The audio recordings are then transcribed to facilitate analysis.Data Reduction: This is an important process in data analysis that involves selecting and coding relevant data based on predetermined indicators.Data are filtered, summarized, and categorized to focus on relevant information.Data Display: After the data reduction is completed, the researcher interprets the interview results to provide narrative explanations of the events that occurred.This interpretation helps in better understanding the data.Verification/Conclusion Drawing: The final stage is drawing conclusions by combining the interpreted interview texts.Conclusions are drawn based on similarities and differences among informants, ensuring the validity and reliability of the research findings (Miles and Michael Huberman, 1992).
The officials here refer to the Village Head as the Responsible Party, the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) as the program implementer, and the neighborhood chiefs (RT) as the area coordinators.Based on the research results, officials are merely fulfilling their obligations to keep the program running.It is evident that from the beginning of the program until now, there has been no significant increase in the number of people involved in the program.This indicates that officials are not providing sufficient socialization and education to the community.
found in the field, the village government regularly holds evaluation meetings every three months with the multi-stakeholders.5. Social, Political, and Economic Conditions a. Social Condition from elites, roles and interest groups, and the private sector in supporting program success.f) Disposition and attitudes of implementers: This includes the perceptions of implementers within the organization where the program is implemented and may encompass attitudes ranging from rejection, neutrality, to acceptance, influenced by personal values, loyalty, personal interests, and other factors.